​​​​Watertreatment Container Unit 5000 RO CCW 

Raw water is pumped into the clarifier, where the clarification process takes place. Before the clarification, chemicals are dosed into the raw water to adjust pH. The pH value has a significant effect on the chemical processes that occur in the individual stages of water treatment. The technology automatically analyses and adjusts the pH. Clarification is a key physico-chemical process in converting raw water into drinking water, based on coagulation and flocculation. A coagulant (aluminium or iron salts) is dosed into the raw water to neutralise the electrical charge of colloidal particles and destabilise them. Under controlled mixing, the particles agglomerate into larger flocs, which are then removed by sedimentation and filtration in the subsequent stage of the water treatment technology. The clarification process significantly reduces turbidity, the content of organic substances, and part of the microbial contamination, and prepares the water for further treatment stages. The first stage of slurry separation contributes significantly to the quality of treated water and the economy of operation.

After the clarifier, the water is conveyed by a process pump to a sleeve filter, which captures remaining mechanical impurities and acts as protection against damage to the subsequent treatment stages. 

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is dosed for disinfection and oxidation of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). The water then passes through three automatic pressure filters connected in parallel, removing fine mechanical contaminants and capturing Fe and Mn. Activated carbon filters remove excess chlorine, hydrogen sulphide, colour, oil substances, odour, chlorinated hydrocarbons, DDT, benzene, toluene, xylene, pesticides, humic substances, and trihalomethanes. The organoleptic properties of the water are improved in the final step. 

Behind the pressure filters there is a small accumulation tank. From this, the water is pumped to the reverse osmosis station, where the final water purification takes place. The RO stage removes most dissolved substances – nitrates, nitrites, fluorides, sulphates, sodium, potassium, hormones, drug residues, pesticides, and others. Only a part of the pre-treated water flows through the RO stage; the osmotically treated water is then mixed with a larger volume of water treated in the previous stages. This blending process produces high-quality drinking water. 

The final treatment step uses UV disinfection to inactivate pathogenic microorganisms by damaging their DNA, without adding chemicals. A controlled dose of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is applied at the outlet to maintain microbiological safety during storage and distribution. The dosage is adjusted to flow rate and retention time to ensure effective disinfection while minimising undesired by-products. 

The water treatment system is operated via an advanced automation platform with remote monitoring capabilities, providing full operational control and real-time supervision of key processes, including water flows, process-chemical status, and energy consumption. The system can be switched to service mode for manual operation of individual stages. Accurate measurement and control support performance optimisation, rapid response to failures, and reduction of long-term operating costs.